ocp/docs/plans/2026-07-13-tui-latency/README.md

TUI-mode latency: measured floor, and the four things worth fixing

Date: 2026-07-13 Status: findings + backlog (no code changed yet) Measured on: Mac mini / macOS 26.5.2 / Claude Code v2.1.207 / Sonnet 5 / Claude Max subscription / real-home mode (no CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN, no OCP_TUI_HOME in the service env) Evidence: measurements.jsonl — n=15 (3 configs × 5) · banner captures billing-banner.txt · harness floor.sh

Why this exists

An external consumer (the 知音 AI project) benchmarked OCP's prompt path and measured TTFT p50 ≈ 30–32 s, and excluded OCP as a backend on that basis. That number is real, but it is not the model being slow — this document decomposes where the 30 seconds actually go, and what OCP can do about it.

The harness deliberately does not go through OCP. It spawns tmux + claude directly (session prefix zhiyin-floor-, never ocp-tui-*) and polls tmux capture-pane for incremental render, so it measures the true first-token time of the underlying subscription path — the floor OCP could reach if it were perfect.

---

Measurements

All rows in measurements.jsonl; every number below is recomputable from it.

Config	n	boot→input-ready (median)	TTFT (median)	TTFT range	full answer (median)
baseline (inherits global effortLevel: xhigh)	5	1.07 s	10.35 s	8.32 – 17.19 s	11.32 s
--effort low	5	1.03 s	6.17 s	5.87 – 6.44 s	9.98 s
--bare	5	0.44 s	no answer at all (5/5 ttft_ms: -1)	—	—

Not from this harness: the direct Anthropic API reference figure (TTFT 0.84–1.64 s, n=2) comes from the 知音 AI project's own smoke test, not from measurements.jsonl. It is quoted only to size the gap; do not look for it in the evidence file.

Where the 30 seconds go

 ~1.0 s   spawn → claude's input bar is ready          ← NOT the bottleneck
 ~6-10 s  true TTFT (first token rendered in the pane)
 ~20 s    ████ waiting for the whole turn to finish ████  ← this is the 30s

runTuiTurn blocks on the native transcript until a terminal event (lib/tui/session.mjs "Block on the native transcript … until terminal"; readTuiTranscript in lib/tui/transcript.mjs; ADR 0007 step 4) — i.e. it waits for the entire turn to complete before returning anything. There is no streaming path. The ~20 s delta between this harness's real TTFT and OCP's reported 30–32 s is exactly that.

---

⚠️ Blocking constraint: --bare silently drops you off the subscription pool

Captured live (billing-banner.txt) — the startup banner is the only reliable indicator:

[]                     | Sonnet 5 with xhigh effort · Claude Max
[--effort low]         | Sonnet 5 with low effort  · Claude Max
[--bare]               | Sonnet 5 with xhigh effort · API Usage Billing     ← ❌

--bare ("skip hooks, LSP, plugin…") also skips the subscription-credential resolution path. It really does cut boot to 0.43–0.45 s — but you are no longer on the subscription, which defeats the entire purpose of TUI mode (ADR 0007 exists solely to reach the subscription pool).

The failure is silent. All 5 --bare samples reached input-ready (boot 0.43–0.45 s), were sent the prompt, and then produced no answer at all — 60 s timeout, no error, no crash, the pane simply never rendered a token (the API-billing account had no credit balance). Nothing in the transcript or the exit status reveals this.

Anyone changing spawn flags must diff the banner line before and after.

---

Backlog — four items, ranked by value ÷ effort

1. Pass --effort explicitly on spawn — do this first

buildTuiCmd (lib/tui/session.mjs) does not pass --effort — grep -rn -- "--effort\|effortLevel" lib/ server.mjs returns zero hits. What the pane's claude ends up using therefore depends on which HOME mode resolveTuiHome() picked:

mode	HOME	effort the pane gets
real-home (legacy default — current service config: no CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN, no OCP_TUI_HOME)	~	inherits the operator's ~/.claude/settings.json → effortLevel: xhigh on this host
env-token scratch (CLAUDE_CODE_OAUTH_TOKEN set — the direction #146/#150 pushed)	~/.ocp-tui/home	that settings.json contains only permissions.additionalDirectories; prepareTuiHome() never writes effortLevel → claude's built-in default

Scope note: TUI mode is currently off on this host (CLAUDE_TUI_MODE=false; /health → "tui": {"enabled": false}), so live traffic takes the -p path today. The statement below is about what happens when TUI mode is enabled.

On the current HOME config, every TUI request would run extended thinking — pure waste for the typical "generate this JSON" request, and it makes latency depend on an unrelated global setting the operator may have changed for their own interactive use. And the mode split means the effort level silently changes if the operator ever switches to env-token mode. Passing --effort explicitly fixes both problems at once.

• Effect (real-home, measured): TTFT p50 10.35 s → 6.17 s (−40 %), and the spread collapses from 8.32–17.19 s to 5.87–6.44 s. For a proxy, the variance reduction matters more than the median.
• Cost: one flag. Suggested: a new OCP_TUI_EFFORT env var (default low), documented in README § "Environment Variables" per release_kit.new_feature_doc_expectations.
• Risk: none — banner confirms it stays on Claude Max (see billing-banner.txt).
• ⚠️ Do not reach for --bare to shave boot: see above.

2. Real streaming instead of blocking on turn-terminal — the big one (~20 s)

Today runTuiTurn blocks on the transcript until the turn is finished. The pane is already rendering tokens incrementally the whole time — this harness proves you can observe first token at ~6 s by polling tmux capture-pane.

• Effect: turns a 30 s wall into a ~6 s TTFT with progressive output; enables SSE streaming on the OCP endpoint instead of a single blob at the end.
• Cost: real work. Pane capture is ANSI/redraw-based and lossy for exact text (wrapping, scrollback, spinner lines). Two candidate sources: (a) incremental reads of the transcript JSONL, (b) capture-pane diffing with a stable start marker. (a) is much cleaner if it holds.
• Prereq spike (do this before designing anything): does the transcript JSONL grow during a turn, or only at the end? If only at the end, (a) is dead and you are stuck with (b).

3. Warm pane pool — ~1 s

Every request spawns a fresh tmux session + claude (randomUUID() + new-session, then kill-session in finally; grep -rn "pool\|warm\|reuse" lib/tui/*.mjs → zero hits). Boot to input-ready is ~1.0 s, paid on every request. A pool of pre-booted panes (single-use, replaced in the background) amortizes it to zero for any workload below the pool refill rate.

• Effect: −1.0 s.
• Cost: moderate; interacts with the session reaper and the per-port prefix scoping added in #148 — pooled panes must not look like zombies to the sweep.
• Lower priority than #1 and #2: it is the smallest slice.

4. Trim the prefill — probably not worth it; know the floor

After #1–#3, the floor is ~6 s, and it does not go lower. claude always injects the full Claude Code system prompt + tool definitions (thousands to tens of thousands of prefill tokens) regardless of what you ask it. --exclude-dynamic-system-prompt-sections exists and may shave some of it — unmeasured; worth one spike, but do not expect to reach the direct API's ~1 s.

Consequence to accept, and to state in the README: even fully optimized, TUI mode has a ~6 s TTFT floor, so it cannot serve real-time / interactive-latency consumers. It remains appropriate for batch, background, and cost-insensitive-latency use. The 知音 AI project excluded it on this basis (their prompt-latency budget is 2–4 s) independently of the ToS question already documented in the README.

---

Reproduction

# harness never touches OCP's :3456 service or ocp-tui-* sessions, and never kill-server
bash docs/plans/2026-07-13-tui-latency/floor.sh 5                                  # baseline
TAG=effort-low EXTRA_ARGS="--effort low" bash .../floor.sh 5                       # −40 %
TAG=bare       EXTRA_ARGS="--bare"       bash .../floor.sh 5                       # the trap

# billing-pool check for ANY spawn-flag change — the banner is the only source of truth
tmux new-session -d -s probe -x 200 -y 50 -c "$HOME" \
  "claude --model claude-sonnet-5 --session-id $(uuidgen) <your-flags-here>"
sleep 6; tmux capture-pane -p -t probe | grep -E "Claude Max|API Usage Billing"
tmux kill-session -t probe

Interaction with OCP while the harness runs

• Kill direction is safe both ways: reapStaleTuiSessions() only kill-sessions names matching ocp-tui-<port>-, which zhiyin-floor-* never matches; and the harness only kill-sessions its own single session — it contains no kill-server.
• One benign interaction (only when TUI mode is enabled — the reap tick is itself gated on TUI_MODE): OCP's periodic kill-server (zombie reaping) is gated on othersRemain — any foreign-prefixed tmux session suppresses it. So while the harness is running, that sweep is skipped. This is the coexistence guard working as designed; it resumes on the next tick.

Harness caveats (stated so the numbers are not over-trusted)

• n=5 per config, single host, single model (Sonnet 5), single prompt size (~1850 tokens). Enough to separate 6 s from 10 s from 30 s; not enough for a p95.
• TTFT is "marker visible in capture-pane", which includes tmux render latency (small, but nonzero) — it is an upper bound on the true first-token time.
• The harness's readiness marker is not OCP's. floor.sh waits for │ >|❯|Try "; OCP's tuiInputReady() matches /\? for shortcuts/. These are different events, so the ~1.0 s boot figure is not directly comparable to OCP's BOOT_MS gate (default cap 4000 ms). It does not affect the conclusions (1 s ≪ 6 s TTFT), but it is not apples-to-apples.
• The first version of this harness reported TTFT 0.08 s — a false positive: the prompt literally contained the marker string it was grepping for, so the match fired the instant the prompt was pasted. Fixed by describing the marker instead of spelling it. The script exited 0 and "successfully" produced 5 samples both times — exit status proves nothing here.